Other new directions for women consist of variations on methods of delivery and formulations of hormones in existing methods. A spray-on contraceptive may be added to the choices of transdermal contraceptives, and a vaginal contraceptive ring used continuously for one year is under development (Harrison-Hohner, 2010). Some of the research on new contraceptive methods for […]
День: 09.11.2015
The Modern Era
passing woman Woman who disguises herself as a man. From the 16th century on, homosexuals were subject to periods of tolerance and periods of severe repression. In the American colonies, for example, homosexuality was a serious offense. In 1656, the New Haven Colony prescribed death for both males and females who engaged in homosexual acts. […]
EMPLOYMENT DISCIPLINE
This section briefly examines the distribution of doctoral scientists and engineers employed full-time by field and gender. As shown in Figure A2-4, women employed in the biological, physical, and health sciences were the most likely to be working full-time. In the case of men, those who were employed in engineering and the physical sciences were […]
The Middle Ages
Decolonization
Wendy Brown (1995) deals with the difficulties of overcoming histories of colonization and slavery as central to understanding the intertwining of inequalities of gender and of race. She re-reads Nietzsche’s ideas about resentment being a major part of a dominant modern morality emerging within more democratic societies. He sees that modern morality as a result […]
The Ancient World
Before the 19th century, men who engaged in homosexual acts were accused of sodomy (SA-duh-mee), or buggery, which were simply seen as crimes and not considered part of a person’s fundamental nature. Homosexual activity was common, homosexual prostitution was taxed by the state, and the writers of the time seemed to consider men loving men […]
HOMOSEXUALITY AND HETEROSEXUALITY IN OTHER TIMES AND PLACES
Homosexuality remains controversial in the United States. Some people see homosexuality as a mortal sin, others argue that homosexuals are a “bad influence” on society and children (and, for example, believe they should not be parents or teachers), and still others defend homosexual rights and attack America’s whole view of sexuality. Many other countries are […]
The Observer Perspective and Moral Development
Turning to Habermas’s account of moral development, I want to look at his effort to clarify some of the conceptual problems in Kohlberg’s theory. Drawing from Selman’s stages of perspective taking, Habermas endeavors to provide a more plausible grounding for the logic of moral development and to show how the demanding process of ideal role-taking […]
CONSTRUCTIONS: HOW SEXUAL HUMOR MAINTAINS. A SEXIST SOCIAL ORDER
Sexual Humor and Male Dominance Michael Mulkay (1988) has examined the representation of women in men’s sexual humor by analyzing dirty jokes (collected by folklore researchers) and comic routines in British pubs (observed by ethnographers). The assumptions underlying men’s sexual humor, and the ways in which it represents male-female relationships, may function both to express […]
An emphasis on (cultural) meanings
The cultural turn shifted focus from how colonization and slavery produced material inequalities between the mainly white West and the non-white ‘rest’ to attempts to understand the gendered production of colonized or racialized subjects. Stuart Hall (1997) has provided a useful framework for considering this production, drawing on new approaches to colonization. One of the […]