Summary

The theories reviewed here, although operating under considerably different assumptions, actually make predictions that are more similar than different. All predict, for example, that women will be more disapproving of casual sex than men. The theories differ greatly in their understanding of some key constructs, particularly the sexual double standard. Evolution­ary theorists see the sexual double standard as a product of evolution. Social learning theorists view the double standard as creating considerably different reinforcement contingencies for men’s and women’s sexual be­haviors. Social role theorists view the double standard as creating different norms for women’s and men’s sexual behavior. Feminist theorists view the double standard as another instance of gender-based inequality, and as a means by which men exert power and control over women.