As these changes were underway among transnational women’s activists and around the global conception of the issue of gender violence, Russia was also undergoing a huge transformation. For some seven decades in the twentieth century, Russia had been the leading republic in the Soviet Union. This multiethnic empire was marked by the Communist Party that controlled policymaking and a command economy, in which government planners, not the market, dictated what to produce and how to produce. This Soviet system also produced a particular approach to gender violence, promoting women’s status, and gender.