Even without formal legal reform, the state response to gender violence can be transformed through pressure on the state to change its procedures or on the individual state agents immediately involved with responding to gender violence. In other places, pressure from women’s organizations, what Merry calls the “social service approach,” is supplemented by a “human rights advocacy approach led by lawyers and political elites” (2006a, i38). Such an approach often includes setting up human commissions on women’s rights, transnational workshops or trainings to educate the judiciary about human rights standards and treaties, and demands for country reports such as CEDAW to make governments take stock (166). Have these kinds of pressure reformed Russia’s practice?
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