The term sexuality elicits images of belongingness, physically and emotionally. Sexuality is a complex term with a multifaceted meaning referring to deep emotional feeling as well as to issues of power and vulnerability in gendered relationships. The feelings and power dynamics seem to be linked to the biological existence of an individual as either male or female. Nonetheless the scope of sexuality is socially constructed—i. e. sexual feelings and behaviour are influenced and constrained by cultural definitions and prohibitions rather than by physical possibilities for sexual indulgence.
In this paper, I will critically analyze a number of issues related to female sexuality. I will move beyond conventional boundaries to engage in a discussion of the female genitalia as an area of struggle. I will argue that the construction of female sexuality is influenced by the meanings attached to the female genitalia. With examples from Kenya and other parts of Africa I will show that the female genitalia are often downgraded, but also at the same time powerful. The naming or not naming is significant, as is the imposed dilemma of procreation or pleasure. In this context I will discuss issues of ‘bi-curiosity’ and ‘multiplicitous sexualities’, before returning to issues of pleasure, safe sex and ‘bedroom power’. Finally I will highlight the policy dimension of the discussion by providing possible linkages between the constructions of the female sexuality and the prevalence of the HIV/ AIDS pandemic.
The discussion is largely informed by observations made by students during lectures. Throughout my teaching career at the University, I have had interesting discussions with both female and male students on issues connected to female sexuality. I teach courses on ‘Gender and Development’ and ‘Demography’ to undergraduate students and ‘Gender and Society’ to postgraduate students. Both female and male students attend these courses. A lot of views brought to the lecture theatre by students originate from their diverse modes of socialisation (they come from different ethnic backgrounds); meanings and values, which they connect to the female body, are thus socially engineered. Our discussions range from getting familiar with the female genitalia to analysing the power dynamics in sexual relationships and how these affect women’s socio-political realities in a changing world. Issues like society’s perception of female sexuality and the limitations surrounding female sexual expression in sexual relationships are frequently discussed.
Arnfred Page 158 Wednesday, March 3, 2004 2:38 PM
Mumbi Machera