Female Reproductive and Sexual Health
Gynecological Health Concerns
■ PERSONAL VOICES Living With Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome
Cancer of the Female Reproductive Organs
■ SEX IN REAL LIFE Feminine Hygiene
■ SEX IN REAL LIFE Breast Self-Examination Uterine Cancer
Chapter Review
Chapter Resources
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M us to understand how our bodies function. Considering the number of sex mam uals and guides that line the shelves of American bookstores, it may seem surprising that the majority of questions that students ask about human sexuality are fundamental, biological questions.1 Yet it becomes less surprising when we realize that many parents are still uncomfortable about discussing sexual biology with their children, and younger people often do not know whom to approach or are embarrassed about the questions they have (we will talk more about this in Chapter 8). But questions about sexual biology are natural, for the reproductive system is complex, and there are probably more myths and misinformation about sexual biology than any other single part of human functioning.
Children are naturally curious about their genitals and spend a good deal of time touching and exploring them. However, they are often taught that this exploration is something to be ashamed of. Because girls’ genitals are more hidden and recessed, and girls are often discouraged from making a thorough self-examination, they tend to be less familiar with their genitals than boys. This may be reinforced as females mature and are taught that menstruation is “dirty.” These attitudes are reflected in ads for “feminine hygiene” products, which suggest that the vagina is unsanitary and has an unpleasant smell.
In this chapter we will explore female anatomy and physiology. Although there are many similarities to male anatomy and physiology, as you will soon learn, female anatomy and physiology are a bit more complicated. Unlike males, females have fluctuating hormone levels, monthly menstruation cycles, and menopause. In Chapter 5 we will explore male sexual anatomy and physiology.