Chapter 1: Exploring Human Sexuality: Past and Present
presents an in-depth look at the early evolution of human sexuality, including how sexuality was viewed by ancient Hebrews, Greeks, Romans, and throughout ancient Asian cultures. It also traces sexuality throughout history and examines how Christianity, the Middle Ages, Islam, the Renaissance, the Reformation, and the Victorian Era all have affected our views of sexuality. Chapter 1 also explores the impact of slavery, the free love movement, the social hygiene movement, feminism, and queer theory. It also:
• Introduces U. S. and global cultural diversity issues, including Gail Wyatt’s groundbreaking work on African-American female sexuality and features crosscultural research on Asian sexuality.
• Features a newly revised visual timeline that reviews the history of sexuality and television to provide students an overview of major television changes.
Chapter 2: Understanding Human Sexuality: Theory and Research
This chapter contains comprehensive coverage of theories, research methods and issues, and landmark sexuality studies, which gives students the necessary background for understanding the theoretical basis of sexuality research, for evaluating that research, and for sorting out the “pop psychology” so prevalent in our society. It contains discussions of changing societal attitudes and how these attitudes have affected sexuality research; classic early researchers and theorists as well as less widely-known contributors—partic — ularly female researchers; and modern trends, including Internet-based sexuality research. Chapter 2:
• Reviews major studies, both in the U. S. and worldwide, from age-specific studies such as the National Survey of Adolescent Males (NSAM) and more recent, broader studies, particularly the Pfizer Global Study of Sexual Attitudes and Behavior, the most comprehensive global study of sexuality ever done with responses from men and women in 28 countries (see page 55).
• Includes a newly revised visual timeline that reviews important developments in the history of sex research to provide students an overview of major developments, and a summary table of the major theories and a list of questions that each theorist would ask to help students conceptualize theoretical differences (see page 40).
• Contains a comprehensive exploration of the future of sexuality research, including current setbacks by governmental and religious institutions.
Chapter 3: Gender Development, Gender Roles, and Gender
Identity This chapter begins with prenatal sexual development and theories of gender development, which provides a springboard for the nature-nurture debate, including discussion of intersexuality. In addition, this chapter offers a comprehensive look at gender development, gender roles, and gender identity and contains a full review of important psychological theories and a newly designed summary table of the major theories. In this chapter you will find:
• Newly designed figures to help students understand complicated material.
• A complete review of congenital adrenal hyperplasia, including updated research and information.
• Inclusion of current large-scale studies, including the Land et al. study on gender and well-being, which reviewed data from various large and ongoing studies, federal surveys, and census and crime statistics from 1985-2001.
• Reviews of current, groundbreaking work on transgenderism and transexualism and the success of sex reassignment surgery, with cross-cultural information on sex reassignment surgery.
Chapter 4: Female Sexual Anatomy and Physiology This chapter
contains comprehensive coverage of the female sexual and reproductive system and includes information on diseases and conditions that affect the female reproductive organs—endometriosis, toxic shock syndrome, urinary tract infections, uterine fibroids, vulvodynia, vaginal infection, and the various cancers that affect the female reproductive organs.
• In response to reviewer and professor recommendations, female sexual anatomy and physiology is now presented before the male material.
• A review of polycystic ovarian syndrome is presented, including a Personal Voices feature from a student who was recently diagnosed (see page 125).
• Newly designed art presents clearer figures on the ovarian and menstrual cycle (page 116).
• Updated information is included on a variety of other current issues related to female sexual and reproductive health, including menstrual manipulation and suppression, vulvodynia, pubic hair removal, tattooing, female genital mutilation, and hormone replacement therapy.
Chapter 5: Male Sexual Anatomy and Physiology This chapter contains
comprehensive coverage of the male sexual and reproductive system and includes information on diseases and conditions that affect the male reproductive organs—testicular torsion, cryptorchidism, priapism, Peyronie’s disease, and the various cancers that affect the male reproductive organs. Other key changes include:
• Newly designed art and figures present clearer figures on the cycle of male hormones (page 143) and cryptorchidism (page 48).
• Exploration of the circumcision debate and cross-cultural and multicultural information on the impact of ethnicity and religion on circumcision.
• Updated information on body image problems in men, testicular cancer, and long — and short-term effects of anabolic-androgenic steroid use.
Chapter 6: Communication: Enriching Your Sexuality Sexuality Now devotes an entire chapter to communication. In this chapter, you will find full coverage of learning to communicate, theories of communication, gender differences in communication, and nonverbal and computer-mediated communication. In addition, at the request of students, we have also included an in-depth section on enriching personal sexuality. Sexuality Now doesn’t shy away from exploring intimate questions about personal sexuality. This chapter’s coverage includes:
• A newly designed feature exploring gender and communication patterns (page 162).
• A new section exploring computer-mediated communication. It explores the use of the Internet, e-mails, chat rooms, and instant messaging and the impact of this technology on communication patterns (see page 166).
• New information on the influence of the menstrual cycle on a woman’s ability to interpret nonverbal communication (page 166).
Chapter 7: Love and Intimacy This chapter contains a review of theories of attraction and love, including life-span coverage and cross-cultural ideas of love and attraction. The chapter also addresses the relationship between love and sex, as well as trust, intimacy, respect, jealousy, compulsiveness, and possessiveness. Other new topics in this chapter include:
• New research on the major histocompatibility complex, pheromones, and brain imaging and their roles in the development of love (see pages 191 and 194).
• New research on neuroscience and a review of research on love and brain physiology and neurotransmitters (see page 198).
• New research on love and technology, exploring how the Internet, chat rooms, and instant messaging have changed love relationships on college campuses today (see page 201).
Chapter 8: Childhood and Adolescent Sexuality This chapter explores
physical and psychosexual development and sexual behavior from birth through early and middle childhood, preteen, and adolescent years. The discussion of adolescence also addresses the influence of family, peers, and religion. The last part of the chapter is devoted to sexuality education in the United States and elsewhere, describing various approaches and reviewing social and political influences, heterosexual bias, government mandates, and research measuring the effectiveness of sexuality education programs. This chapter also includes:
• Current ongoing governmental research into childhood sexuality, including the National Survey of Family Growth, National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Males, National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health, and the Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System, with a summary table that shows students the target populations and data methods these four studies used.
• Updated coverage of gay and lesbian teens, the coming-out process, and other experiences (see page 228).
• Research by the National Campaign to Prevent Teenage Pregnancy on the increasing popularity of oral sex in teenage populations and the risks of these behaviors (see page 233).
• Increased coverage of sexuality education, including abstinence-only education, and a review of sexuality education programs outside the United States (see page 247).
Chapter 9: Adult Sexual Relationships
tation, marriage, domestic partnerships, same-sex marriage, and divorce, as well as adult sexual relationships such as arranged marriages. It contains up-to-date material on same — sex marriage, including information on recent laws and changes in domestic partnerships and civil unions across the United States, as well as same-sex marriage policies in other countries and recent changes in the legalization of same-sex marriage. Other changes include:
• Updated information on marriage rates and ethnicity/race (see page 264), marital status by age (see page 269), and living arrangements by age and ethnicity/race (see page 270).
• Highlights of new changes in dating practices on college campuses, including hooking up, buddy sex, and casual dating (see page 256).
• Research on polyamory and a review of various types of polyamory (see page 272).
Chapter 10: Sexual Expression: Arousal and Response Beginning with
an in-depth look at the importance of hormones in sexual arousal and response, this chapter explores the factors that have been found to affect sexual expression and challenges assumptions about sexual behavior and attitudes. This chapter contains information on the sexual response cycle and research by Masters and Johnson, Helen Singer Kaplan, David Reed, and Leonore Tiefer. A variety of sexual behaviors are reviewed, including foreplay, manual sex, oral sex, masturbation, sexual intercourse, anal sex, and sexual fantasy. Information on physiological changes that occur with age and how these changes affect the sexual response cycle, and thus sexual functioning, is also presented. This chapter contains:
• Newly designed position art that gives this chapter a contemporary feel and generates more student interest.
• An exploration of hormones, ethnicity, religion, culture, and other factors that influence our sexuality and sexual behavior (see page 292).
• A review of contemporary criticisms of Masters & Johnson’s sexual response cycle, including work by noted sex therapist, Leonore Tiefer (see page 300).
• Cross-cultural and multicultural coverage including information about Asian — American sexuality and how ethnicity affects the practice and frequency of sexual behaviors, sexual attitudes, and the ability to communicate about sex.
Chapter 11: Sexual Orientation sex
parents, transgenderism, and related issues, including our society’s tendency toward heterocentrism. This chapter evaluates the biological research (genetics, hormones, birth order, and physiology), developmental theories (Freud, gender-role nonconformity, peer group interaction, and behaviorist theories), sociological, and interactional theories. Taking an essentialist and constructivist approach, the chapter provides a comprehensive review and comparison of theories. Also included are:
• Updated statistics on GLB behaviors, including updated information about heterosexism, homophobia, hate crimes, the coming-out process, and the coming out of Sheryl Swoopes (see page 357).
• An updated section exploring homosexuality and bisexuality in other cultures, and the important lessons that can be learned from these cultures. This includes a complete section on minority homosexuals, including Asian Americans and African Americans (see page 341).
Chapter 12: Pregnancy and Birth This chapter reviews conception, sex selection, pregnancy signs, pregnancy testing, problems during pregnancy, and fetal development throughout the trimesters, with information on delivery and problems during the birth process. This chapter includes:
• A new visual timeline that summarizes the history of assisted reproduction (see page 376).
• New art throughout the chapter, helping students comprehend complicated materials. It also includes updated statistics on ethnicity/race with new figures on ethnicity/ race and birth (see page 368) and postpartum depression (see page 400).
• An updated Personal Voices feature from a single woman who underwent assisted reproduction and successfully gave birth (see page 380).
Chapter 13: Contraception and Abortion Contraception and abortion are
covered after pregnancy and birth so students have a clear understanding of hormonal and developmental physiological processes. Information on historical development in contraceptive research and a review of barrier, hormonal, chemical, natural, permanent, emergency, and ineffective methods is included. A review of the abortion debate and surgical and medical procedures is also included. Chapter 13 includes:
• Comprehensive coverage of contraceptive methods with updated statistics and information from the 18th Edition of Contraceptive Technology. An extensive section covers emergency contraception and methods being developed for men, along with updated information on the use of nonoxynol-9.
• A new table illustrating important events in the history of contraceptive development (see page 409) and a reworked figure providing at-a-glance statistics on contraceptive effectiveness, helping students understand effectiveness rates of various methods (see page 408). New figures illustrate U. S. and global contraceptive method choices (see page 414) and ethnicity/race and contraceptive choices (see page 411).
• Updated research on medical abortion, including research on the use of Mifepristone and Methotrexate (see page 447).
Chapter 14: Challenges to Sexual Functioning Chapter 14 includes a thorough review of sexual dysfunction including DSM-IV-TR information with details on symptoms, causes, and treatment options, and updated information on pharmaceutical treatments for erectile functioning, including the newest Viagra competitors. It also includes a full review of illness, disability, and sexual functioning. In Chapter 14 you will find:
• A newly designed table summarizing the various sexual dysfunctions (see page 463).
• Groundbreaking new research into female sexual dysfunction with an exploration of the pros and cons of pharmaceutical treatment of female dysfunctions.
• Updated research and information about women and sexual dysfunction, including Leonore Tiefer’s New View of Female Sexuality (see page 462).
• Updated material on the treatment of sexual dysfunction outside the United States (see page 465).
Chapter 15: Sexually Transmitted Infections and HIV/AIDS This chapter contains information on attitudes about sexually transmitted infections and reviews the various infections. A complete review of HIV and AIDS is also included, and a section on the global aspects of AIDS looks at worldwide issues. This chapter:
• Presents current information on sexually transmitted infections and HIV, including the September 2005 Centers for Disease Control Surveillance Report on sexually transmitted infections and the November 2005 UNAIDS Global Survey. A review of STI vaccine development is also included.
• Reviews current research into microbicides and the importance of these products in reducing sexually transmitted infections and includes the 2005 Centers for Disease Control Fact Sheets and Treatment Guidelines for STDs.
• Updates the impact of ethnicity/race and sexually transmitted infections (see pages 497, 502, 503, 506, and 520).
• Updates global coverage of the AIDS epidemic, including current information on infections in women and children (see page 525).
Chapter 16: Varieties of Sexual Expression This chapter explores how
sexual behaviors are classified, beginning with a review of typical and atypical sexual behaviors that includes an extensive theoretical explanation of paraphilias, including biological, psychoanalytic, developmental, behavioral, and sociological theories. Chapter 16:
• Updates all the DSM-IV-TR diagnoses for paraphilias and sexual addiction.
• Contains updated coverage of sexual offender registries, pedophilia, and Megan’s Law.
• Helps students relate to the chapter material with Personal Voices of college students who discuss variations in sexual behavior and one student’s masochism. Personal Voices are also included from a cross-dresser, a victim of an obscene phone caller, a pedophile, and a rubber fetishist.
Chapter 17: Power and Sexual Coercion
overview of rape and sexual assault, this chapter reviews theories of rape. It also examines gender differences in attitudes about rape, rape on campus, date-rape drugs, and the rape of men; offers guidance on reporting and avoiding rape; explores partner reaction to rape; and describes rapist treatment. This chapter also has:
• A comprehensive discussion of rape on college campuses, using data from the 2005 U. S. Criminal Victimization Statistical Tables, published by the U. S. Bureau of Justice Statistics. It reviews the incidence of rape, how rape occurs on campus, and the relationship between alcohol use and rape. It also discusses fraternities and athletics and how these variables are related to rape on college campuses.
• Material on the evolutionary theory of the practice of rape and a review of research from Randy Thornhill and Craig Palmer, authors of Natural History of Rape: Biological Bases of Sexual Coercion.
• A new table on ages of consent both within and outside the United States. It also contains updated information and review of date-rape drugs, the incidence and effects of rape and sexual abuse, and post-traumatic stress disorder.
• An exploration of issues of intimate partner violence in both heterosexual and same-sex relationships, stalking, sexual harassment, and cyber-harassment on college campuses.
Chapter 18: Sexual Images and Selling Sex
torical coverage of erotic representations and the invention of pornography, erotic literature, television and films, advertising, and the sex industry. This chapter reviews the portrayal of minority and GLBTQ, sexuality in the media and contains full coverage of prostitution, including definitions, types of prostitution, predisposing factors, and prostitution and the law. Cross-cultural and global coverage reviews prostitution both inside and outside the United States. Chapter 18 includes:
• Material from the 2005 Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation study Sex on TV4, which identifies and analyzes the messages about sex and sexual behavior that are presented on television today (see pages 607-608).
• Updated information on online pornography and pornography on portable devices including cell phones, iPods, and other devices (see pages 614 and 622).
• The Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation 2005 report entitled Generation M: Media in the Lives of 8-18-Year-Olds, which detailed the use of various media in
2,0 8 to 18-year-olds (see page 610).
• Research from Pamela Paul’s 2005 Pornified: How Pornography Is Transforming Our Lives, Our Relationships, and Our Families (see pages 621, 623, and 642).
• Increased coverage of global prostitution including a feature exploring sexual trafficking (see page 636).
C" SUPPLEMENTS TO HELP TEACH THE COURSE SexualityNow™
0-495-17089-5
Empower your students with the first assessment-centered student tutorial system for Human Sexuality. Seamlessly tied to the new edition of this text, this powerful and interactive Web-based learning tool helps students gauge their unique study needs, then gives them a Personalized Learning Plan that focuses their study time on the concepts they most need to master. Within the learning modules are animations, video panels for review, and Sex Talk Questions with audio responses from students. SexualityNow quizzes were written by Margit Berman, University of Minnesota. Visit www. thomsonedu. com.
WebTutor™ Advantage
WebTutor Advantage on WebCT: 0-495-17087-9 WebTutor Advantage on Blackboard: 0-495-17088-7
Creating an engaging e-learning environment is easier than ever with WebTutor Advantage. Save time building or Web-enhancing your course, posting course materials, incorporating multimedia, tracking progress, and more with this customizable, engaging course management tool. WebTutor Advantage saves you time and enhances your students’ learning—pairing advanced course management capabilities with text-specific learning tools. View a demo at http://webtutor. thomsonlearning. com.
JoinIn™ on TurningPoint®
0-495-17097-6
Turn your lecture into an interactive experience for your students, using “clickers.” Thomson Wadsworth is pleased to offer you book-specific JoinIn™ content from Sexuality Now: Embracing Diversity, Second Edition for classroom response systems, allowing you to transform your classroom and assess your students’ progress with instant in-class quizzes and polls. Our exclusive agreement to offer TurningPoint® software lets you pose book-specific questions and display students’ answers seamlessly within the Microsoft® PowerPoint® slides of your own lecture, in conjunction with the “clicker” hardware of your choice. Enhance your students’ interactions with you, your lecture, and each other. It includes questions specifically written on the Virtual Safer-Sex kit and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention STD Clinical Slides. Students can also “participate” in polls and surveys from the text. For college and university adopters only. Contact your local Thomson representative to learn more.
Study Guide written by Shirley Ogletree, University of Texas, San Marcos 0-495-17086-0
For each chapter of Janell Carroll’s text, the Study Guide contains a chapter summary, a list of learning objectives, a detailed chapter outline, personal assessments and activities, a paper assignment, 15 fill-in-the-blank and 5 short-answer questions per main subhead, labeling of anatomic art in appropriate chapters, and a post-test consisting of 10 true/false, 30 multiple-choice, and 10 matching quiz questions covering the entire chapter. The answers, rejoinders, and main text page references for all quiz items will be included at the end of each chapter.
InfoTrac® College Edition
Free with this text! InfoTrac College Edition is an ideal way to give your students access to scholarly, peer-reviewed, advertising-free research sources. This extensive resource includes some of the most highly respected journals in human sexuality, such as Archives of Sexual Behavior, Journal of Sex Research, Sex Roles, Canadian Journal of Human Sexuality, and a number of AIDS-specific and other health journals (such as AIDS Weekly).
Book Companion Website
www. thomsonedu. com/carroll
There is a substantial collection of online resources, featuring:
• “Where Do I Stand?” polls for each chapter. These attitude polls are scored and compared against national averages.
• Other polls including “What Would You Do?,” “Personal Sexual Expression,” and “Variations in Sexual Behaviors.”
• A Practice Quiz with online scoring for each chapter, including multiple — choice, true-false, and short essay questions, as well as a final exam. Engaging critical thinking questions are also included.
• Active Summary activities using the active summaries from the book.
• Chapter outlines and objectives.
• An online Pronunciation Glossary of all margin terms from the main text.
• Web links, flashcards, and InfoTrac® College Edition activities.
• PowerPoint® Lecture Slides—a sample of what’s available on the Multimedia Manager Instructor’s Resource CD.
Instructor’s Manual with Test Bank
0-495-17091-7
This comprehensive, easy-to-customize three-ring binder gives you all the support you need to run an effective course, including:
Instructor’s Manual written by Teri Tomatich, Kennesaw State University.
• A comprehensive film and video guide that provides extensive listings of what Wadsworth provides as well as descriptions of suggested videos with their running times and suppliers.
• A resource integration guide that shows, at a glance, how all of this text’s supplements can be used with each chapter of the text.
• A detailed outline and learning objectives for each chapter of the text.
• Two to four classroom activities or demonstrations per text chapter, some of which use websites and other resources.
• Two questions designed for online discussions and two to five additional annotated Web links per text chapter.
• Opposing Viewpoints Resource Center activities and writing assignments.
• InfoTrac Virtual Reader exercises.
• Lecture and discussion tie-ins for the text’s SexBytes and Sex Talk questions that get students to think critically about sexuality.
Test Bank written by Debra Hull, Wheeling Jesuit University and John H. Hull, Bethany College. The Test Bank features 50 multiple-choice questions, 15 true/false items, and 8-15 short-answer/essay questions for every chapter of the text. Answers, with text page references, are provided for all items.
Examview®
0-495-17092-5
Quickly create customized tests that can be delivered in print or online. Examview’s simple “what you see is what you get” interface allows you to generate tests of up to 250 items easily. All Test Bank questions are electronically pre-loaded.
Multimedia Manager Instructor’s Resource CD-ROM written by Alishia
Huntoon, Oregon Institute of Technology.
This CD-ROM contains customizable Microsoft PowerPoint® presentations that include detailed lecture outlines, artwork from the text, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention STD Clinical Slides, video clips and animations, as well as a Virtual Safer — Sex Kit that lets you easily show contraceptive devices in class. To make course preparation even easier, the CD-ROM contains simple instructions on how to embed the animations and videos into your PowerPoint Slides. It also contains the entire contents of the Instructor’s Manual with Test Bank binder in an electronic format!
New to this edition of the Multimedia Manager:
• Images of various types of sex toys.
• Animations and panel-discussion videos.
• Centers for Disease Control and Prevention STD Clinical Slides to supplement your STI lectures.
• Animations of the sexual response cycle for lectures of biological processes.
CK NOTE TO THE STUDENT—————————————— ‘
Campus life is different today than it was when I was in college. I graduated from college in 1982 and, although that really wasn’t all that long ago (I realize that many of you reading this weren’t even born yet, but it honestly doesn’t feel as though it was that long ago), my experience in college was probably very different from yours. For one thing, you have the Internet. While we had computers (although no one owned his or her own), we didn’t have access to all the information that you have on the Web. The Internet has forever changed how we view sexuality. Instant messaging, chat rooms, and cyber-relationships weren’t around in the early ’80s. I overhear my students deciphering and explaining their IMs from various friends and lovers. My friends and I didn’t have VCRs, DVDs, or iPods so, unlike the majority of students today who tell me they’ve seen at least one pornographic tape, we never watched any in college. Times were different—we didn’t pierce our navels, use tanning beds, talk on cell phones, use emergency contraception, watch reality television, or know what a Brazilian wax was!
College is different today and college textbooks also need to reflect these changes. The book you are holding in your hands is contemporary and fun. I think you’ll find it easy to keep up with the reading in this class because I’ve really worked hard to keep the material fresh and thought-provoking. I’ve included lots of personal stories from students just like you to help in your exploration and understanding of human sexuality. The result is a book that talks to students like yourself, answering questions you have about sexuality.
As you read through the book, if you have any questions, thoughts, or opinions you’d like to share with me, I’d love to hear from you. Many students email me and suggest additions, changes, or just share their thoughts about this book. You can email me at jcarroll@hartford. edu, or contact me through my website, http://www. drjanellcarroll. com. You can also send snail mail to Dr. Janell L. Carroll, University of Hartford, Department of Psychology, 200 Bloomfield Avenue, West Hartford, CT 06117.