Tubal sterilizations are effective immediately, whereas vasectomies require semen analysis for 2 months after the procedure to ensure no viable sperm remains. Effectiveness for both procedures ranges from 99% to 99.9%.
Advantages
Sterilization is a highly effective permanent method of contraception. It offers a quick recovery, few long-term side effects, and does not interfere with spontaneity,
Disadvantages
Sterilization requires surgery, can be expensive, provides no protection from STIs, and must be considered irreversible.